Hate & Extremism

Peer-reviewed and preprint research using archives of Reddit's banned incel communities documented escalating extremist language over time and links between misogynist forums and broader far-right radicalization.

The U.S. House Oversight Committee invited Reddit's CEO, alongside the leaders of Discord, Twitch and Valve, to testify on the radicalization of online-forum users following the killing of Charlie Kirk; the voluntary appearance shifted to transcribed interviews amid a government shutdown.

Because Reddit ads appear inside community conversations rather than a curated feed, advertisers have long worried about placement next to misinformation, hate, or explicit content — driving a 2024-2025 scramble for third-party brand-safety controls.

A self-described troll who wrote under the handle 'CartoonsHateHer' admitted authoring numerous fabricated posts that went viral on r/AmItheAsshole and similar communities, exposing how much of Reddit's most-shared 'real life' drama is invented.

Christopher Au-Young of California ran a campaign of racist harassment against multiple Black victims, posting threatening videos to platforms including Reddit; he pleaded guilty to interstate stalking and cyberstalking in July 2023 and was sentenced to five years in federal prison in November 2023.

On 23 March 2022 Reddit banned the India-focused r/Chodi, a community of over 90,000 members, for promoting hate against Muslims, following a TIME investigation into hate speech on the platform.

A line of studies, beginning with analysis of Reddit's 2015 ban wave, measured whether removing hate communities reduced hateful activity and tracked where displaced users migrated when they did not disappear.

During Reddit's 2022 r/place collaborative pixel event, organized Twitch streamers led by xQc directed hundreds of thousands of viewers to seize and erase canvas territory, and Reddit administrators stepped in to cover xQc's artwork with a black box — the first time admins removed r/place art that was not hate speech.

A January 2022 TIME investigation, based on 19 international moderators, documented that Reddit allowed hate speech to flourish in non-English and non-US communities, with company staff repeatedly ignoring moderator warnings.

As r/wallstreetbets drove the January 2021 GameStop short squeeze, Discord banned the community's server for repeated hate-speech violations, and days later a group of returning moderators attempted to seize control of the subreddit to cash in on a movie deal, prompting Reddit to remove them.

Reddit quarantined the misogynistic 'Men Going Their Own Way' subreddit in 2020 and permanently banned r/MGTOW and r/MGTOW2 in August 2021 for promoting hate and violence against women.

At the height of the January 2021 GameStop frenzy, Discord banned the official WallStreetBets server for hate speech and the subreddit briefly went private, amid accusations that some moderators were trying to cash in on the community's sudden fame.

r/DarkHumorAndMemes was one of the most active subreddits removed in Reddit's June 29, 2020 mass purge, banned under the new rule against hate based on identity for using a 'dark humor' framing to host identity-based hate.

Reddit banned r/GenderCritical, its largest gender-critical feminist community (~64,000 members), on June 29, 2020 under a new rule against hate based on identity, characterizing the sub as anti-transgender.

On June 29, 2020 Reddit rewrote its content policy into eight explicit rules and banned roughly 2,000 subreddits the same day under a new rule against hate based on identity or vulnerability — the largest enforcement event in its history.

Reddit's largest pro-Trump community was quarantined in 2019 over threats of violence and banned in 2020 as part of a sweeping hate-speech policy update.

After years of warnings and a 2019 quarantine, Reddit banned the pro-Trump subreddit r/The_Donald in June 2020. Its community had already built and migrated to the independent site TheDonald.win (later patriots.win), which reputable reporting and the official January 6th Committee report later tied to violent rhetoric and planning around the 2021 Capitol attack.

After Reddit's 2015 harassment bans, users of r/fatpeoplehate and r/CoonTown flooded Voat, a 'free speech' Reddit clone that became a haven for communities banned from the platform — and a real-world test of whether deplatforming works, before it collapsed for lack of funding on Christmas Day 2020.

A 2019 clip of streamer DarksydePhil arguing that 'general' racial jokes are acceptable reached a wide audience after being reposted to r/LivestreamFail, the subreddit that has served as a central hub for documenting streamer controversies.

Reddit banned r/frenworld on June 20, 2019 for glorifying or encouraging violence, after the cartoon-frog 'fren' aesthetic was found to mask an economy of coded neo-Nazi and antisemitic dogwhistles.

Reddit banned r/Honkler on July 2, 2019, days after r/Frenworld, for using clown-Pepe 'Clown World' memes as a vehicle for coded neo-Nazi and antisemitic content.

Reddit quarantined the subreddit for IRL streamer Ice Poseidon in September 2018 for bigotry and abuse, then banned r/Ice_Poseidon and r/Ice_Poseidon2 in October 2019; the community was notorious for swatting, doxxing, and stream-sniping.

A large-scale study measured how antisemitic rhetoric and imagery escalated after political flashpoints on fringe boards and spread toward mainstream platforms, including Reddit, providing a sourced map of online hate diffusion.

On September 27-28, 2018, Reddit formalized and expanded its 'quarantine' mechanism — gating offensive subreddits behind an opt-in warning page, stripping ad revenue, and hiding them from search — then applied it to more than 20 communities including r/CringeAnarchy, r/WatchPeopleDie, r/TheRedPill, and r/Braincels, triggering accusations of censorship and inconsistent enforcement.

r/KotakuInAction, Reddit's central Gamergate hub, was never permanently banned; in July 2018 its founder briefly privated it calling it 'infested with racism and sexism,' but Reddit admins restored it within about an hour.

A Southern Poverty Law Center analysis found that r/The_Donald functioned as a bridge carrying white-nationalist slogans and coded epithets from fringe forums into one of Reddit's most-trafficked political communities.

After the Parkland school shooting, conspiracy communities including r/conspiracy, r/The_Donald, and r/CBTS_Stream amplified false 'crisis actor' claims against teenage survivor David Hogg, who received death threats and was later swatted at his family's home.

On November 7, 2017, Reddit banned the ~40,000-subscriber r/Incels community under a newly updated policy prohibiting content that encourages or glorifies violence. The incel community regrouped on r/Braincels, which Reddit quarantined in September 2018 and banned in late 2019.

On 27 July 2016, then-nominee Donald Trump held an 'Ask Me Anything' on the fan subreddit r/The_Donald rather than r/IAmA, and press reported he answered only about eight questions in a heavily moderated thread.

In late November 2016, Reddit CEO Steve Huffman (u/spez) used his admin database access to silently rewrite comments from r/The_Donald users who had insulted him, replacing his own username with the names of the subreddit's moderators. He admitted it after users noticed and later issued a formal apology.

In 2016 r/The_Donald exploited Reddit's moderator 'sticky' feature and coordinated upvoting to flood r/all and dominate the front page, prompting Reddit to change its ranking algorithm and later replace r/all with r/popular.

After r/The_Donald repeatedly dominated Reddit's front page, the company changed the r/all ranking algorithm in June 2016 and later launched r/popular — moves praised by some as fixing manipulation and condemned by others as targeted suppression.

A widely cited BuzzFeed News investigation argued that Reddit's structure and hands-off governance had made it a hospitable environment for organized hate communities, framing the problem as systemic rather than incidental.

Reddit interim CEO Ellen Pao resigned on July 10, 2015, after the surprise firing of popular talent director Victoria Taylor triggered a site-wide moderator revolt, and a petition demanding her ouster drew more than 200,000 signatures amid a torrent of sexist and racist abuse directed at her.

Joshua Ryne Goldberg, a prolific Reddit troll who created and moderated racist subreddits including r/CoonTown, was arrested by the FBI in 2015 after, posing as an ISIS supporter, he supplied bomb-making instructions for an attack on a Kansas City 9/11 memorial; he was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison.

On August 5, 2015, returning CEO Steve Huffman (u/spez) rolled out an updated content policy and banned r/CoonTown along with a cluster of openly racist subreddits, while introducing a new 'quarantine' tier for offensive-but-permitted communities.

On June 10, 2015, Reddit banned r/fatpeoplehate and four other subreddits under an anti-harassment policy first announced in May 2015, triggering a site-wide revolt that flooded r/all and targeted interim CEO Ellen Pao with abuse.

The Southern Poverty Law Center documented a self-described network of dozens of interlinked racist subreddits, the 'Chimpire,' that grew on Reddit for nearly two years before the 2015 ban wave dismantled its hub.

Reddit launched in June 2005 out of Y Combinator's first class and grew into 'the front page of the internet' on a near-absolutist free-speech ethos that would later collide with hate, harassment and child-safety scandals.